Hebei Pengcheng the survival and development of ceramic industry survey

Published: 16 May 2009 18:37:35

In late January 2009 to early February, the author and the Environment Department of Shanghai's Fudan University student Wang Jie, the use of winter holidays, to investigate understanding of the formation of aceramic Pengcheng Hebei Industry survey for the subject group is located in Hebei Province on the current Handan City Fengfeng modern mining townsPeng areas of living conditions, conducted a survey and reporting activities. We have conducted a dozen interviews, interview the famous master of the Chinese Ceramic Art Liu, the well-known scholarsand Hebei Province, Liu Zhiguo Yan Baoshan master of arts and crafts, arts and cultureResearchthe Secretary-General, as well as several local operators on the ceramic. And had the advantage in the introduced Mr. Liu Zhiguo, theCixian attended the Museum's "culture" issue typeand cultural seminars. Elders in all the great guidance, support and encouragement, we took advantage of the opportunity to understand and learn a lot of books in schools and less than knowledge, enriching the social practice. It can be said that the success of group activities.

is a world famousoutstanding representatives of China, Department ofceramic is the largest system in the history of Chinese ceramics occupies a very important position. producing areas located in Handan City, Hebei Province Peng Fengfeng mining towns along thehas a long history, traceable back to the pre-8000 period Cishan culture. Northern Dynasties Pengcheng ceramic production around the beginning of the porcelain to form its own unique system of technology and aesthetics. Song, Jin and Yuan period, asin northern China's largest ceramics production, products with a strong national characteristics of style and the North, particularly in a variety of decorative techniques with the unique plastic good. MingPengcheng peak fire kiln, known as the "Pengchengbenefits to cultivate" good reputation. Period of the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China, Pengcheng ceramics are sold in 13 of China's northern provinces and autonomous regions. China's ceramic industry had "Jingde south, the north is Pengcheng" situation, Pengcheng ceramic ceramics as a representative of the north, with no less than the Jingdezhen Ceramic evidenced Pengchengwas brilliant ceramics. Pengchengthe Millennium continuing fire kiln, ceramic history of the development of our country on behalf of the best. She not only meet the North and the Central Plains of China's people's material needs, while leaving the world a thick ceramic culture and arts of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. Now almost all the world-renowned museums, areto display ceramic works fine for a lot of glory. is not only the pride of the people of his hometown in Hebei Province, is a world-class ceramic arts and culture of human treasure.

After the liberation, Hebei Pengcheng of the ceramic industry has entered a new stage of development, with the wave of the public of the original civilmessy complexity of state-owned enterprises have been consolidated, several changes in the formation of a subsequent Handan Ceramics Corporation. After the reform and opening upgeneration is the development of Pengcheng golden era ceramics. Ceramics in the Handan City's Corporation, has set up more than a dozen ceramic plants, and accordingly the establishment of a number of subsidiary bodies, such as the Institute of Information, ceramic flower paper mills, ceramic schools and so on. Pengcheng ceramic number of workers reached a record high of more than 30,000. In ceramic production, the porcelain area Pengcheng active learning at home and abroad advanced technology, the introduction of modern production equipment, the development of innovative production technology; in product sales, the production of ceramic products for daily use are sold at home and abroad to "Handan Ceramics" brand name Young at home and abroad, the world's products are sold in more than 80 countries and regions by consumers at home and abroad. Pengcheng ceramic production as a major export in Hebei Province, has become well-known industry enterprises in Hebei Province, Handan City, the national economy is the pillar industry for national economic development has made important contributions. Pengcheng a wide range of ceramic products, including daily, crafts, fine arts, all aspects of construction, all-inclusive. At that time, Pengcheng ceramics and Foshan, Chaozhou, Tangshan, Zibo, Jingdezhen, Liling, Yixing porcelain eight tied for the National District, the best of times to the top three shows at the time of the flourishing ceramics Pengcheng.

But not last the late nineties, Pengcheng ceramic entered a decline phase, and - plant and subsidiary companies are closing down or even stop production, a large number of workers have been laid-off, retained profits of enterprises and the market share situation in China is also a journey of a thousand miles, Pengchengceramic industry has entered a period of winter.

Pengcheng ceramics there are many reasons for the decline, and it is worthy of thorough consideration. One of the reasons is that at the time of Handan is lagging behind the development of ceramics companies. With the continuous growth of economic development and national priorities to support the industry, the coastal areas of the ceramic industry flourishes. And Handan Ceramics in the wave of this development has not put us in the forefront, along with other areas of the development of large-scale impact area Pengcheng porcelain signs of relative decline. The second reason lies in the late nineties fluctuations in world economic crisis. Southeast Asian outbreak of financial crisis on foreign markets Pengcheng ceramics also had the impact of domestic and international ceramic market to shrink to a larger extent, especially for construction by the sharp decline in demand for use of porcelain, ceramic, leading to many related businesses have been seriously lost. The third reason is also the company Handan Ceramics direct cause of the decline is that management decision-making errors. In the late nineties, ceramic head office in accordance with the market tide, as well as the development of the country, sparing no effort to vigorously the introduction of high-tech equipment, to increase investment in the development of new production lines. In this process, the company's management did not combine their Pengcheng ceramics to ceramics for daily use product advantages for development, but divorced from reality, guilty of ambitious, the problems of blind expansion, which leads to the company's development plans seriously divorced from reality, poor coordination of production and operating , sales fell by. At that time, company management will focus on determining the production of bricks in the wall represented by building ceramics industry devote a great deal of capital and loans to the introduction of production equipment, resulting in a tight liquidity. When the ceramic head office to prepare for further development through loans, the Asian financial crisis, and the country has to reduce the economic impact of tightening fiscal policy to reduce bank lending to limit overheating in the development of enterprises. Ceramics such companies can not get more loans, capital chain out of touch, not the normal operation of production lines, its large number of ceramic plants are more liabilities than assets, a large number of workers have been laid off, some ceramics factory was forced to declare bankruptcy or takeovers ceramic field, the entire Pengcheng ceramics have resulted in a serious crisis. At present, the whole, Pengcheng ceramics have lost golden age of light, whether it is the degree of market or industry well-known, are no longer the past, porcelain district in the country's economic strength ranking offar. Pengcheng ceramics, really decline it? Pengcheng ceramics in the future where? These problems, it is our in-depth discussion and analysis. Mindful of this, the Department has been feeling.

Members of our group during the holiday region of the ceramic Pengcheng sales and a sample of shops and a summary of their classification, to the following categories: one for daily use in sales, mainly decorated porcelain, including the World porcelains - bone china with high-grade teaglaze, tableware, barware, coffee sets, vases, such as disk blocks, of which the majority of goods from Shandong, Foshan and other places of imports, only a small amount of some low-end tableware and decorative porcelain pottery factory from the local stock. In the course of investigation we came to have a street of ceramics and found that flow in front of many shops deserted, in conversation with the local owner, we also understand that the whole region, ceramics for daily use Pengcheng sales are not too optimistic, only occasionally Some of the past come to the old customers,are deserted most of the time, no one is interested. The other shops selling mainly ceramic art, including antique porcelain, crafts Mei bottles, figure statue, etc., both imported products from overseas as well as artistic stylelocal products. Main porcelain such gifts shops art sales have obvious seasonal sales in the holiday season more before and after the rest of the time is more deserted. This shows that the sale of ceramic Pengcheng influence client really much less than before, not as prosperous as before, "night into the silver bucket" of the times. Pengcheng ceramics as a result of the whole crisis in the previous sharp decline, the market impact of such enterprises is also far inferior to the former. Such enterprises to produce ceramics for daily use are now the main way of small profits but quick turnover in itself very difficult to bring the benefits of enterprise, and such products in the basic trend of the domestic market saturation, market share and more sales were Guangdong, Shandong, etc. land occupied by factories. Pengcheng So if the ceramic enterprises through appropriate reforms to improve the competitiveness of enterprises, can not be optimistic about the prospects for its development.

In recent years, as a result of the implementation of enterprise restructuring, with the warmer and the market economy status of the improvement in the ceramic industry Pengcheng gradually emerged signs of recovery. For the revitalization of the traditional ceramic industry, the local government put forward the construction of homeopathy "Ceramic Capital" slogan. Peng town with the advance of urban construction, underground excavated a large number of ancient pottery, antique ceramicsstimulated production. Ceramicgovernment has organized cultural festivals andthe protection of the construction of a number of museums, on the revitalization of the ceramics industry Pengcheng provide a lot of thrust. Ceramics factory through the restructuring of some innovation, and gradually restore the original scale of production and cost-effective than before the big upgrade. At the same time, many of the original companies in the ceramic work of employees, in the laid-off through their own businesses, the establishment of a large number of hands orworkshops, self-produced self-marketing, including some of the people is the establishment of the company, the their bigger and stronger. Later, the rise of these private enterprises or workshops, Pengcheng now become a major feature of ceramics.

In that case, the future of ceramics Pengcheng also went wrong? Pengcheng ceramic deserted Depression How to get rid of the status quo, to reproduce the glory it once? Through visits to the survey, we will Pengcheng existing ceramic production units divided into the following categories:

Model of a traditional ceramics factory Hull

At present, Pengcheng Handan original porcelain District owned a ceramics factory, Plant formed a Huayu company; three plants, four plants, seven plants, spring porcelain, porcelain and other industries prior to survive the crisis, the implementation of the rental business, is in a gradual recovery, which tends to produce improved operating conditions. Noteworthy is the number of new private enterprises such as Shenghua, Hiroyuki, born out of Tianshan ceramics, porcelain Pengcheng District increased strength, good momentum of development. It can be said that the old traditional ceramics factory is idling for a new look.

Mode II, non-governmental hands from generation to generation workshop

Production patterns of such town exists in a large number of civil Pengcheng workshops, and interviews of our operated by Mr. Yan Baoshanrepresented by yellow. Some laid-off from the ceramic factory workers through their own skills, placement among the next courtyard, the purchase of equipment, some raw materials to the family as a unit, all production processes and the burning process are completed this compound. They are mainly the production of some of the folk art styleceramics, traditional and innovative technology. The sale of their products are placed in the ceramic shop to sell, or introduced through an acquaintance come to attract some customers, the production of profit is a great uncertainty. This workshop has now developed into dozens of ostensibly gratifying situation. They areage, but as time goes by, the descendants of many ceramic craftsman from the ceramic industry, the craft can continue to go down the succession, has also become a big problem.

Model three, well-builtMaster Arts

Ceramic Art Master Mr. Liu Lizhong on people fall into this category. Rely on the young Mr. Liu Lizhong Guangxue times more knowledge, awareness ofand creative arts, has reached a higher level. He also received the highest awardfields --- the title of national ceramic artists. Heof traditional bold innovation process will be put to the creative efforts of individuals, so the formation of his unique artistic style. He also produced the art of ceramics has led to a very high collection value, the recent public auction in Hong Kong he was still a number of collections. Mr. Liu Lizhongceramics in the art of play value is to do the most successful, but this model also has its own limitations. Althoughart has a long history, unique sense of beauty, but the decline of its production process, after all, for a long time, at least in the visibility area is still far unable to achieve a high degree of Jingdezhen ceramic arts. Government and cultural industries in the region of the publicity, do not support, the dissemination of culturebottlenecks faced by the larger. Consumer groups, the value of the Ceramic Artlack of awareness, as well as specialized collections did not identify the team is bound to make the collection of productsprocess. Pengcheng ceramic art can rely on re-hwanyouth, but also many silentlyof the joint efforts of the great art.

Mode IV, private enterprises have boundless vitality

With the relaxation of the economic system and the strong support, many levels of management, financial condition are the rise of private enterprises, such as Shenghua, Hiroyuki, Huayu, Tianshan, such as ceramics. Them to produce high-grade daily-use ceramic-based products are sold both at home and abroad, as a re-emergence of Pengcheng traditional ceramics hope. There are a class of enterprises based on local cultureto the production ofstyle of art, decorative ceramic-based, these products have been many enterprises and institutions and collectors of all ages. We ceramics company that is one of the best. Its products include both traditional Meibottles, spent the mouth bottles, but also by the innovative style of wine with a, hollow ceramic shade, so that the ancient traditions of modern art display of vitality, such products in the market has a good reputation. On the production side, the company opened a specialized production line, from the casting, glaze, art, shavedfiring are specialized to form a set of processes, in addition, it also established a specialized art R & D team, is responsible for providing new ideas and design. Successfullytraditional skills and combines intensive production, and create a new path of production and operation. In addition, pay attention to their own brand of propaganda, on the one hand, from time to time to invite a number of ceramic art to design innovative products, and Chuanclass, on the other hand, many colleges and universities with the establishment of cooperative relations at the plant base to set up training colleges and universities and attract tourists to visit. For such enterprises the government is also strongly supported the attitude of play, through loan conditions, as well as opening up government funding, support the operation of such enterprises.

Fully appears, Pengcheng the development of ceramics, is in a recovery period, basically from the previous low, in a task of rebuilding period. How to revitalize the Pengcheng ceramics, to restore the glory, and in this breakthrough on more and more strongly the need for local government support and guidance. We have several suggestions.

First, focus on the market to determine the direction of development.

Taking a panoramic view of the national market, the type of ceramics production across a large difference, the next major national famous porcelain district, Foshan focus on architecture, ceramics for daily use category, Chaozhou daily focus, health, art ceramics, Tangshan lies on use of ceramic sanitary ware, electrical porcelain, daily-use lies in Zibo, construction ceramics, Liling daily focus on categories, Jingdezhen ceramic arts focus, and then focus on Yixing, tea sets, porcelain and other types of garden production. In recent years, some emerging areas such as ceramics Yangquan, Shanxi, Guangxi, etc. He is also more than the county to produce mainly for daily use porcelain. It seems small, the former ceramic production in several regions and more application-oriented category, and Jingdezhen, Yixing is relying on the local style of play to their comparative advantages, focus on the production of its own cultural characteristics of the product, which is the formation of several other porcelain District a sharp distinction. I believe that the district Pengcheng porcelain ware for daily use in the production of great advantage to consolidate at the same time, art could follow the example of ceramic production in Jingdezhen and other places to play their own cultural superiority to the arts-based, and blaze a path of artistic ceramics. Pengchengthe development of ceramic art has a unique position, on the one hand, Pengcheng region has strong historical and cultural backgrounds, and born and raised here isart culture have a profound and unique sense of beauty, once people realize that the charm was and understanding, is bound to have enormous potential for development. On the other hand, there are a multitude of Pengcheng region to study and promote the art of artisan, they have a high technical level and a higher management capacity, which the development of ceramic artprovided technical support. In addition, porcelainart as a pure hand-made crafts, requires a large amount of labor. And the original laid-off workers of the ceramics factory is to provide a sufficient labor resources, they are familiar with the porcelain technology, skilled operation, Pengcheng region is a huge resource advantage to work together.

Second, promote culturalincrease the external publicity.

walk the road of ceramic art, is bound first of all its meaning to the fundamental ---culture, to the country and the world, which requires the active participation and planning. We have the following recommendations:

1, the local government should be educating the public through various media and cultural. Guoxue today when hot, Chinese traditional culture of China is in a re-orientation and a cognitive process, the local government, as well as researchersshould take advantage of this opportunity, and vigorously promote cultural. National symposium could be organized through the media and networks, to display to the public cultureunique charm of art and culture; to carry out the activities of local arts festivals, art exhibitions organized by relevance to attract attention of the people; recommended path of local scholars and experts screen, and actively participate in a forum such as the 100, Kam-Po and other programming to stimulate a nationalheat; In addition, the network can make use of abundant resources, start-up related websites, published literature pictures, resulting in a professional knownthe arts to allow anyone to reach, and so on.

2, the formation of a professional valuation team. profound and rich culture, but its cultural, artistic value and also in the collection of value to determine the stage of a relatively vague, the Government should organize a group of experts and scholars, the establishment of a valuation professional team, through research and analysis, the establishment of a system assessment of the value of the program, and publicity through the media let the world know. In this way, the correct positioning of collectible ceramicsto enhance the collection of fans across the country a warm, would be a great help.

3, support the development of folk culture media. the spread of culture by a non-governmental research institutions--- Studiesculture and the arts working in silence, as a voluntary research group, Research Institutewith a lot of genuine love and understanding of artexperts and scholars, who out of love for his culture and sense of responsibility, has been developed for the culture ofand the unsung heroes. However, as a private team, they are also faced with the development of a number of bottlenecks. To the government, should give these people more to help the research team. Including a certain degree of financial support for research activities to facilitate the creation of conditions to enhance the study of the cultural sector and the exchange and cooperation, and so on.

Third, to foster the development of related businesses, encouraging the production of transition.

Today, there are some private enterprises have found the development trend of Pengcheng ceramic productionfocused on the artistic style of ceramic products, they take intensive mode of production, production with the dailyartistic style, decoration, collections , etc., and have achieved good results. Government should actively support such enterprises, to play outbrand. Higher production costs for the manual, the Government can carry out some of its subsidies, its the same (for example, with wine, decorated porcelain type) products to enhance their competitiveness, to promote the artistic styleout; of such enterprises can be appropriately Loans and opening up the environment, to encourage them to become bigger and stronger, in order to facilitate the creation of their development. For those in the production of daily use, construction type porcelain manufacturers, the Government may set up preferential policies to encourage their production and salesart ceramics, the formation of industry size, will Pengcheng into a large-scale ceramic productionart.

At present, the Government is actively planning a large-scale investment in the ceramic market - Bohall to formart distribution center for ceramic production and marketing. On the one hand, should facilitate for the ceramics business, and expand the whole area Pengcheng porcelain ceramic products influence.

Is more than Iceramic Hebei prospects Pengcheng some of my personal opinion. History, several thriving ceramicsMillennium kiln fire constantly, as a Pengchengchildren born, I have witnessed the glory and decline it, for the development of home there is a great deal of hope. walk the road of ceramic art, is a win-win process, Pengcheng region will not only lead the development of ceramics, but also to the region Pengcheng culture of long history, for me, this is a higher level of significance. I also hope that this study we can spread his culture's contribution to achieve a certain degree, it would be their own people as a responsibility of ceramics it!

We are convinced that: as long as we persevere and work together, the history of the millennium --- the national art treasures such assome ashes after Phoenix Nirvana, re-new, PengchengGames will be more arts and culture.