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Ceramic raw materials in China
- Published: 3 Aug 2009 06:45:10
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Ceramics, soil and sincerity of fire, water and soil of sublimation, the humanistic spirit of the carrier, the number of interpretations of the world's vicissitudes.
Ceramic great country soul, eloquent Merry years. Ceramics of China or the world, no matter what kind of building and construction, all because of her beautiful birth and changes in every step. Han Qin long brick tile, it seems very distant from us, and close proximity to the modern ceramic Let us also have to be concerned with her elegant and splendid, and her exquisite and extensive, and her birth and accession to the WTO, she's brilliant and Civilization .
Will affect a small ceramic countless our dream, a small ceramic insights we will pursue the arts. Home and ceramics, and art quality, production and management, technology and strength, and the market price, as well as the convergence of all raw materials, as well as mining and ... ... it seems that this test appears to have nothing to do some things at this point in time and as the closest blood.
In China, if the people engaged in ceramic living in hundreds of millions of people enjoy the ceramics do not the hundreds of millions of dollars? There are several people to leave the ceramic life? Several people do not know of ceramic? As a few people do not know their names, like. Ceramic ubiquitous penetration of our skin, everywhere in the opening of our history and the evolution of civilization, culture and symphonic. Which consists of thousands of ceramic raw materials can come from? We may want to seek an opportunity for people to reveal the aesthetic of the root causes and understand the ins and outs of ceramic raw materials, we will understand the development of Chinese ceramics and looking forward to the future of Chinese ceramics.
China ceramic materials development and utilization of storage and an overview ofCeramic raw materials in China is very rich in mineral resources, mineral distribution of ceramic raw materials all over the country in various provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. China's ceramics enterprises in the development and utilization of long-term practice, have accumulated a wealth of technology and experience to create great economic benefits, which are outlined below.
Ceramic clay: as the basis of the latest statistics, China has proven deposits of clay ceramics more than 180. Which kaolin deposit, Hunan accounted for 29% of the country, followed by Jiangsu, Guangdong, Jiangxi, Liaoning, Fujian and other provinces, proven reserves have reached more than 10 million tons. Longyan, Fujian Province in China found that the largest kaolin mines, its reserves of up to 54 million tons. China Stone reserves to a maximum of Jiangxi and Hunan, Hunan Liling Ma groove mud to reach 100 million tons reserves. Clay deposits in Xinjiang, as the most, only one placeTreasury clay mineral reserves reached 170 million tons. There are also Jilin, Jiangsu, Jiangxi Province, 75 percent focus on the national reserves of clay. Plasticity of ceramic materials as clay, can be used in ceramics, glaze, pigment, such as formula. In addition to kaolin raw materials used in the production of ceramic products, has also been widely used in paper industry as well as coating materials in a variety of purposes, such as the filler.
Quartz: quartz deposits in the face of the earth, and in the ceramic industry in the non-plasticity of ceramic materials, ceramic products can be used in the body, glaze recipes, etc.. China's reserves of high-quality quartz-rich resources to Hunan, Jiangxi, Hebei, Fujian Province, the most abundant. They are usually in crystal, vein quartz, quartzite, quartz sandstone, quartz sand, chert, diatomite, sea, such as pebbles and quartz powder form. The chemical composition of quartz is silicon dioxide. Ceramics quartz is the main raw material, it can be expected to reduce the plasticity of ceramic clay, reducing the drying shrinkage of the body and shorten the drying time to prevent the body deformation. In the firing, the quartz heating body expansion can be partially offset by the contraction; body temperatures of quartz as a framework, together with the alumina mullite generation could prevent the occurrence of soft body deformation; quartz white porcelain but also improve degree of transparency and a half. Quartz in the glaze glaze can improve the viscosity of the melt temperature and reduce the expansion coefficient of the glaze, and glaze to improve mechanical strength, hardness, wear resistance and corrosion-resistant chemical.
Flux material: usually refers to lower the sintering temperature ceramic glaze billet to promote sintering of the raw material products. Flux ceramic industry raw materials commonly used K-feldspar, albite, calcite, dolomite, talc, fluorite, lithium-containing minerals. Feldspar resources in China located in Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Guangxi, Guangdong, Henan, Hebei, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia and other places. Before firing is non-malleable feldspar raw materials, can reduce the body shrinkage and deformation, to increase dry strength billet. Green glaze feldspar is the flux of raw materials in the body in possession of 25% content; in the glaze, 50% of the content. The main function of feldspar is to lower the sintering temperature; feldspar in the sintering of the glass melt can fill the gap between body particles and other minerals to promote the melting of raw materials; feldspar raw materials can also make the texture dense body, improved ceramics mechanical strength, electrical performance and semi-transparency. In a variety of ceramic products, feldspar is an indispensable raw materials commonly used in ceramics.
Carbonate flux materials: ceramic flux as the main raw materials, carbonate flux are many varieties of raw materials. They have calcium carbonate, calcite, marble, dolomite, magnesite magnesium carbonate, limestone and so on. Carbonate flux distribution of raw materials in our country a very wide area. Such as calcite, limestone, have been produced all over the country. The distribution of limestone in northern China, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Shaanxi and the Southwest of Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou and other provinces and autonomous regions; produce calcite ancient region in western Hubei, Hubei, Jiangxi Pingxiang and Jingdezhen, Hunan Xiangtan; magnesite major production concentrated in Liaoning Haicheng and Yingkou, reserves accounted for more than 80% of the country, about a quarter of world production. In addition, Shandong, Hebei, Sichuan, Gansu, Tibet, Qinghai are magnesite raw material output. Carbonate flux of the main components of raw materials calcium carbonate in the green ceramic glaze is to play a major role in flux. Especially in the ceramic tile, the use of limestone, calcite, marble, and its usage in 5 ~ 15%. Glaze can be used to increase the hardness and wear-resistant glaze degrees; increase the corrosion resistance of the glaze; the high-temperature glaze reduced viscosity and increase the gloss glaze and so on. Carbonate flux sanitary ceramics in the construction materials used in many products.
Magnesium silicate-based raw materials: origin are Liaoning, Shandong, Inner Mongolia, Guangxi, Hunan, Yunnan and other places. Such raw materials are mainly talc, serpentine and forsterite. Talc in the ceramic industry in a wide range of uses, can produce high-brightness, transparency, good high-grade daily-use ceramic products, electrical porcelain, and special ceramics. Sanitary ceramic blanks by adding talc, the sintering temperature can be lowered to expand the firing range, and increase the thermal stability of semi-transparent. Talc when added to the glaze, to prevent cracking of the glaze to increase the glaze of the emulsion. And the expansion of the glaze firing range and improve yield.
In addition, Guangdong fluorite, nepheline, zirconium quartz, lithium-containing minerals in Xinjiang, north-east region, diopside, all over the country in many parts of wollastonite and phosphate-based raw materials and so on, in our country are very rich in reserves Many materials are available on the Millennium or years. Advantage of this resource is able to continue to lay the foundation for the development of China's pottery and ceramics for the development of our country exports large quantities of raw materials to create the conditions for the rich.
Guangdong Province, the distribution of ceramic raw materials resources Overview
Guangdong Province has been proven there are 116 kinds of minerals, which have the use of reserves there are 82 kinds of minerals, some non-metallic mineral rich reserves of resources in the top five of 10 kinds, such as kaolin, ceramics earth, marble, glass sand, potash feldspar, pyrite and so on. Used in the production of ceramic raw materials kaolin, refractory clay, fluorite ore, potash feldspar, wollastonite, gypsum and other minerals. Following on the mineral resources are summarized below.
1, Kaolin Mine
Ceramic Industry in Guangdong Province, the largest amount of kaolin industry, kaolin in need of about 120 million tons. Foshan kaolin raw materials mainly from the coastal areas, Qingyuan, Zengcheng sanitary ware production, daily-use porcelain high-level Sino-foreign joint ventures producing raw materials used in the main from Fogang, Zhongshan, Gaoyao, Huiyang areas.
Kaolin Mine (including the ceramic soil) in Guangdong Province, one of the advantages of mineral, and its rich resources, the distribution of a wide range of deposit types. Since 1980, the discovery and found a number of high quality, large deposits of kaolin, a significant increase in proved reserves. Ceramic clay mining province over the province to Chaozhou, Huiyang, Lianjiang three largest china clay, the development of the first. Such as Yan Flying chaozhou ore mining area has proven reserves of 32 million tons, in addition to some of the mining area can be used as a low-grade kaolin paper coating, the ceramic industry is mainly used as raw materials. Mine ore containing quartz rock of the original volume of 10 ~ 15%, long crystals 5 to 10% of litter, glass volume 10 ~ 15%, cement 65 ~ 75%. Clay minerals in the ore for kaolinite, illite, halloysite mica stone and water, showing scale-like, eye-shaped, rod-like, also contain feldspar, detrital quartz and trace residual magnetite, limonite, rutile, titanium white stone , zircon and so on. Mine production was 500,000 tons, and has an annual output of 100,000 tons of ore processing plant, the major suppliers and the surrounding local ceramic industry. Taishan Ceramics Yuhuan proven mining kaolin soil and about 4.5 million tons, ore mainly from 20 ~ 35% clay, 25% feldspar, 32% quartz and 5 ~ 10% muscovite and a small amount of tourmaline, fluorite and rare earth minerals composition. Clay minerals dominated by kaolinite, halloysite Stone followed illite 5 ~ 15%, 55% of montmorillonite. Products are mainly sold to Guangzhou, Foshan, Shunde, and so on.
2, refractory clay
Guangdong Province, the annual consumption of fire-resistant refractory products of about 30,000 tons of clay, ceramic raw material ingredients for about 30 million tons, the production of mosaic, non-glazed ceramic tile and porcelain tableware senior export porcelain cake with the amount of about 2 to 3 million tons, the whole refractory clay consumption in the province is about 35 million tons, all from Guangdong Province, the estate of software and hardware quality refractory clay.
Guangdong Province, the main fire-resistant clay mineral deposit types are sedimentary deposits, the deposits are known mainly distributed in the northern part of Guangdong's Qujiang, Lechang, and the Pearl River Delta in Guangdong Qingyuan, Huadu, Dongguan and other regions. Qingyuan city which Takahashi - Longtang mining the composition of the two deposits, mostly located in the surrounding granite outcrops of the mountain basin in the Quaternary sedimentary rocks are soft and secondary clay refractory products. Stratiform ore body was long for the 1000 ~ 2000 m, 500 ~ 650 meters wide, ribbon distribution, thickness 1 to 3 meters deep 0 to 10 meters, can be open-pit mining. D level and above have proven reserves of 5.14 million tons. Ore containing Al2O3 32 ~ 45%, Fe2O3 1.5 ~ 2.5%, LOI 9 ~ 10%, refractoriness for 1710 ~ 1730 ℃, plasticity 2.78 ~ 3.45, shrinkage 0.51 ~ 8%.
3, fluorite mine
Guangdong Province, cement, glass, ceramics and other industrial fluorspar consumption was about 20,000 tons, the metallurgical industry for the annual consumption of fluorite 10,000 tons, fluorite chemical industry consumption for 1 year to 2 million tons, the province will take years fluorite in about 50,000 tons.
Fluorite is mainly used in Guangdong Province, metallurgy, cement, glass and ceramics production, but also the export of mineral products. Statistics included in the province of the proven reserves of D level and above 11 million tons, ranking sixth, and the majority of known deposits completely unexplored, there are large potential reserves. Guangdong Province, mainly in the fluorite ore, filling cracks epithermal vein deposits, granite-based rock to a small number for the volcanic rocks, may be a small number of open-pit mining, mainly located in Heyuan, Xingning, Lechang, Nanxiong and Fogang such as granite or contact with internal and external. Ore body up to more than 3 kilometers, the 23 meters thick, the general extension of 150 ~ 360 meters deep, calcium fluoride content of 39.77 ~ 96.02%, ore will be after a high-grade hand-selected rich fluorite.
Fluorite Mine in Guangdong by the local township, the collective and the self-employed in mining, producing approximately 120,000 tons. Fluorite in the production of cities and counties, are ranging from building large-scale concentrator or fluorite powder processing plant. In addition to the high demand the province, some sold to foreign manufacturers, there are a considerable number are sold in Germany, Japan, Hong Kong and the United States.
4, K-feldspar
K-feldspar in Guangdong Province is rich in resources, proved reserves fourth in the nation, there are 13 deposits, 80% of pegmatite deposits, there are still a mixed exchange and hydrothermal deposits metamorphic rocks. Deposit by the large fault zone and the impact of invasion and rock. K-feldspar deposit is processed into block or the purpose of K-200-325 powder for ceramics factory in Guangdong province, glass and enamel industries. K2SO4 ore containing up to 10%. In Qingyuan, Zhongshan, Yunfu, Wuhua, Gaozhou and other places about 10 points by the local small-scale mining, an annual output of about 20,000 tons of ore. Guangdong Province as a result of the processing method is simple, the quality of instability, it is still part of high-quality K-feldspar powder purchased from Hunan.
In recent years to deposit Wuhua Whitehead found that the mine in Guangdong Province, the largest currently known, geological exploration work has reached the level of potassium powder is pegmatite type, proved reserves of 2,630,000 tons of ore. Vein ore body was long and 291 meters wide, 40 meters, 28 meters thick, containing K2O 10.3, Na2O 1.82%, CaO 1.31%, MgO 0.085%, SiO2 68.45%, Fe2O3 1 .33%, Al2O3 15.27%, loss on ignition 0.85%. At present, regional organizations from small non-formal mining, an annual output of less than 5000 tons, in the town building Wuhua milling plants, ore processing by beneficiation, Fe2O3 content should be reduced to below 0.28 percent for raw materials used for ceramics factory.
5, wollastonite
Wollastonite mine in Guangdong Province are mainly distributed in the northern part of Guangdong acidic intrusive rocks and limestone contact metamorphic belt, the Second Commission on the air mines and granite contact zone, containing 79% wollastonite, quartz 6.7%, 8.2% calcite, 80.7 whiteness. Ore body is about 1500 meters, 490 meters wide, it is layered, the exposed surface of the earth concentrate containing SiO2 44%, CaO 40%, annual production capacity of thousands of tons, mainly used in ceramic industry, metallurgy and so on.
6, gypsum
Gypsum mine in Guangdong Province are mainly distributed in the northern part of Guangdong, the Guangdong region in and Xingning Tertiary, Cretaceous inland lakes in the rift basin is a sedimentary deposit. Ore type of anhydrite, gypsum, clay and fiber gypsum plaster, with an average of CaSO4 78 ~ 79%, were multi-layer-like. Main seam 2600 ~ 21,000 meters long, from 1200 to 4200 meters wide, single-layer 0.2 to 2 meters thick. Four, Sanshui, Xingning mining and other places have been set up factories, annual production capacity of about 570,000 tons of ore, 58 million yuan output value of all suppliers in Guangdong for their own use, of which 90% for cement production, for over a thousand tons of gypsum plate, gypsum powder and ceramic mold production.
Ceramic raw materials enterprises in Guangdong well-known chemical companies and mutual cooperation
According to senior industry sources, ceramic materials can be divided into chemical raw materials and chemical synthesis of natural raw materials, can be divided into raw materials and glaze with green materials used, of which more than 98% of the former for the natural raw materials, made by different minerals, the latter including Make-up soil, surface glazing, materials and various types of color additives. If China is an annual three billion m2 of ceramic products in terms of total annual demand for the country's glaze is 150 ~ 230 million tons, while the pigment needs about 9 to about 180,000 tons, of which the demand for green pigment used larger. Ceramics in China engaged in chemicals businesses of all sizes over 1,000, but about 30 of them as large-scale, essentially accounting for more than 80% of the total production, due to differences in consumption levels, the product is divided into high , medium and low three grades, of which about 80% of middle and low about products, high-end products accounted for about 20%, while raw materials are more the size of enterprises and 60% of chemical companies located in Guangdong. This shows that China's ceramic products and chemical raw materials of Chinese ceramics in the direction of high-end also has great room for development, on the operator's business philosophy and operation of the quality and choice of operation. High-end market is taking a great deal of development potential, difficult to follow the low-grade operation is not alarmist, there is a real-life examples and figures describe the problem and, therefore, the standardization of ceramic chemicals are quantified, the refinement will be future issues of common concern.
There are many ceramic companies in Guangdong, chemicals or even the whole country to do better. Such as: The system hung glaze, glaze Daewoo system, Zhengda Glaze system, Wo Hop pigment, glaze Stringer, far Thai glaze system, al-rich pigment, the three primary colors is expected, the pigment-fu, natural system of glaze, Tang Hong glaze system, the system of crown enamel, paint Tianbao, CITIC mining, mining and so on good faith business, in today's ceramics industry to enjoy a high reputation or because they not only have their own modern production enterprises, but also a large number of good communication, professionals with expertise in technology, the major ceramic producing areas in the country to provide strong technical support and information support. As a brand, quality, expanding the market at any one of ceramic production enterprise, what reason is there for those with the strength of different ceramic chemicals enterprises co-operate? In a production base in Guangdong than in Shandong, Fujian, Sichuan, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shanxi Province, the raw material supply and technical services as close to their own, what kind of technical issues, technical issues, supply issues can not do?
Yongan advantages: raw materials supply, technical service in the factory's gate
Wing, Wing, there is always live and work in peace on the edge of the larger environment. First advantage: from the Sanshui Yongan is only one river, the scenery from the world-class resort 28 kilometers Dinghushanscenic, to say nothing of industrial water, and its vast Xijiang, Beijiang had leaned over that what is taken from the convenience, but also is always available, not to mention there are 4.96 million cubic meters water storage capacity of the nine Pro Hang Reservoir sitting around. Water, Dinghu area for 60,000 tons on the water plant; second advantage: water transport 6 to 12 km have four supporting water transport terminals, the mouth of the left field Terminal, South Ferry Terminal Jiang stables, Pui water terminals, as well as national invest in the construction of 15 months after the completion of Zhaoqing Xingang (main at home and abroad international container transport business of the port), each of the ship reached port 1500 ~ 3000 tons, is the only national investment Zhaoqing Xingang 1.2 billion construction package, ship amounted to 3,000 tons, a very convenient water greatly reduces transportation costs, is more conducive to the competitiveness of products both at home and abroad, ceramic raw materials and shipping finished products based on powerful ability to continue to come from here and continue to go, and then radiation major terminals around the world, the transport is faster then the other industrial parks can not match; third advantage: the location of living in Guangdong Yongan major center of production of raw materials, the so-called poly Department as the source, this is indeed the world of ceramic raw materials a poly, only from Foshan Yongan this in the country and the world are known for the production, R & D, technology, marketing, Ceramic Expo Center, in one only half an hour away, and Sanshui is in close proximity, and Qingyuan, Zhaoqing, etc. raw material production bases around only 40 minutes of the last of the North West River involving radiation, under the access-related Guangxi water in between, is the cornucopia of Chinese ceramics. Ceramics with the major industrial parks in Guangdong Comparison, Wing to take more advantage of technology, more convenient services to take, Wing On is the source of a poly, poly before, a good place for enrichment, it is an ideal investment in ceramic industry park .
