Yaozhou ceramic firing techniques

Published: 16 May 2009 18:56:48

First, brief introduction

Yaozhou Xi'an is located in more than one hundred kilometers north of the Tongchuan City Yellow town. Kiln to Huangbao as the center, its scope including shops, sloping site, Yuhua, Chen furnace, and Yaoxian Taupo area. Jurisdiction here in the Song dynasty in Yaozhou, named Yaozhou, and their products are known as Yaozhou porcelain, or porcelain Ming-yao.

With economic development, the Song Dynasty had not previously Kiln system, which is a Yaozhou Zicheng kiln line northfamous.

It produces a unique style and characteristics of engraving and printing celadon, celadon become representatives of the North, which has become the center of the Department ofYaozhou and representatives.

Its fine quality products is a result of the Song economic and cultural prosperity and development of the product, but also the level of process technology in the Song Dynasty and society a reflection of aesthetic consciousness.

Second, traceability

The creators burning kiln in the Tang Dynasty, Five Dynasties and sophisticated, its peak in the Song Dynasty, Jin and Yuan continuation beyond the prescribed fifteen mid-century, has 800 years of continuous history. Song Dynasty Celadon greater development of the Northern Song Dynasty at the end of its peak.

Yaozhou to Tongchuan Huangtown as the center, along the Chatham River intensive cloth Chen, Tao Fang Shiliquan known. At the same time, there are site, on the Village, Chen Furnace Town, Yuhua Village, ranked and rolling Barry.

Tang Dynasty produced a black, white, blue, brown, yellow, tea foam, flower vitreous enamel, and white color green, white glaze, Su-flower-child black, green-glazed painted white color, such as under the painted porcelain. Da-qi plump modeling artifacts, reflecting the prosperity of Tang Empire.

In addition, Tang firing and glazed tile, ceramics are produced in China was the most abundant species of a.

Five of the kilns to burn mainly celadon, celadon firing technology is now mature, and has green-glazed green, green, Azure, Azure, such as light colors. And also burned a small amount of black, vitreous enamel paste. Modeling beautiful China and the United States, many imitation gold and silver. Often used or zoned flower flower tick practices, produced a variety of lively and fluid patterns. Patterns found in porcelain for the royal family has used porcelain designed long, Fung patterns. Also found that officials have carved section at the end of many pieces of Qing porcelain.

These beautiful porcelain found that are currently in northern China during the Five Dynasties and only see the importantsystem celadon ceramic archaeological materials.

Song is theceladon kiln of its peak. Song entry afterin order to maintain and develop it in the Late Tang and Five Dynasties period celadon North's leading position and maintain the existing sales market and compete for occupation of new markets, in porcelain technology have a lot of innovation and creativity.

Song after Yaozhou continued firing hundreds of years. Pre-payment on behalf of the continuation of the Song Dynasty celadon kiln in, but also highlights the celadon white glaze on innovation. Its late, ginger Yellow Celadonfocus for the middle and lower classes of people, burning the highlights can increase the number of overlapping circles without glaze firing process, decorative patterns also tend to concise.

Yuan and Ming dynasties tended to decline in the development of the kiln, on the one hand continue toYellow celadon ginger on the other hand, the gradual strengthening of the black, white, butter, tea and white glazed black foamthe.

Many varieties of color in the firing of vitreous enamel, white blackthis period are the representative works of the kiln. At this point, the firing of the porcelain kiln has been a marked decline. Shortly thereafter,also the end of burning, since then in its original stage of history disappeared. After Jin and Yuan dynastiesand turbulent change, the pottery market have stopped burning, but the town continues to this day Chen furnace to become porcelain center of the NT.

Three, artistic characteristics

Yaozhou traditional technique is mainly embodied in the mining of raw materials distribution, composition and processing, soil reserves and training materials rubbing, and the repair manual billet casting, hand carving, engraving, flower zoned, decals, printing, matching glazes, Preparation and sufficient facilities,, furniture production and loading the kiln, the flame, such as atmosphere and firing seven aspects.

Products after the completion of a mining expected, Featured, weathering, ratio, mud cake, stale, cooked mud, rubbing mud, hand billet, billet repair vignettes selection, preparation, glazing, hand-decorated (carved, engraved , paste, India), furniture production, loading kilns, kilns and other processes 17. All processes have corresponding technical requirements, acquire the relevant skills of the person known as the artisan.

Yaozhou main products are: bowls, plates, bottles, cans, pots, basins, stoves, pillow, color together, Aromatherapy, note son lamp ADS, bowl and so on, all the varieties of life everything necessary.

Product features: when the Tang and Five Dynastiesslightly loose, gray, enamel loss of permeability, has a sense of emulsion; Song Dynasty Celadon matrix than the Kennedy book, fetalcolor or gray, purple, enameltransparent, such as olive green glaze , glaze was thin ginger Department; Jin and Yuanwhen, fetallight gray or gray, the majority of glazed turmeric, less blue. Enamel thin book and not run.

Decorative approach to engraving and printing on the main patterns are particularly beautiful, sharp blade smooth, bold powerful, three-dimensional feeling stronger.

Decorative arts, the rich and colorful decorations. Patterns have animals, figures, flowers and patterns and so on. Patterns of animals have long, phoenix, lions, rhinos, horses, sheep, dog, crane, geese, ducks, fish, mandarin duck and so on.

People have children at play, like the Buddha, and other wrestlers. Lotus flowers have, peony, chrysanthemum, plum blossom, water, etc..

Design patterns are: Bagui pattern, triangular pattern, such as paper. In the ornamentation, the Five Dynasties ago Dafang quaint; Song rich and varied, and exquisite artistry, outstanding; Jinyuan increasingly easy time.

Yaozhouof technology and decoration techniques, and a greater impact across the country, with the exception of the territory of a large number of Shanxi kiln firing imitation, it also spread to the artistry of Henan Province, Yu County, Baofeng, within the township, such as kiln, kiln Nishimura spread Guangdong, Guangxi Yongfu of the kiln, forming a yellow town headed by a large kiln of kiln line.

Fourth, heritage significance

Yaozhou Northern Celadon main origin, in the Song Dynasty when he was classified as a tribute, and are exported to all over the world, in the ceramic history of the development of far-reaching influence.

Although known as theShiliquan Huangbao kiln in the Yuan Dynasty had been fading, but the site has rich connotations and intact, and cultural relations cascading clear, China's ancient ceramic art are a precious heritage. Only the town of Ji Chen furnace Huangbao NT Kiln become center of porcelain.

Chen furnace 11 villages in the town almost every firing, known as the Chen furnace is not the night. People's Republic of China after the establishment of the town and the state-owned workshops ceramics factory.

The 20th century, 70s, and other experts inhelp, restoration of Yaozhou traditional skills to produce celadon Yaozhou,andtick, and tickwhite glaze, porcelain orchids, rust, sixlarge series of ceramics, has become a pillar industry of Tongchuan City.

But over the past 20 years, in the modern impact of industrial products, Chen ceramic furnace at one time the town of recession, coupled with young people have to go out to work, older craftsmen have passed away, making circulation more than a thousand years of traditional ceramic techniques are faced with no follow-up the risk of person in urgent need of rescue.